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As an important part of railway track, steel rail has the function to guide the train, bear the huge pressure from the wheel, and spread the pressure to railway sleepers. Speaking technically, the rolling surface of steel rail must be continuous, smooth and low in resistance to support the train wheels.
Steel rail material
Modern rail is typically made of hot rolled steel with a profile of an asymmetrical rounded I-beam. Unlike other usages of iron and steel, steel rails are subject to very high stresses and have to be made of very high quality steel alloy. It took many decades to improve the quality of rail materials, including the change from iron to steel. The stronger the steel rails and the rest trackwork, the heavier and faster the trains the train can carry.
Steel rail classifications
By convention, steel rails are graded by weight over a standard length. Heavier steel rail can support greater axle loads and higher train speeds beyond sustaining damage than lighter rail, but the cost is relatively higher.
Steel rails in China
1. Crane rail: QU120, QU100, QU80, and QU70. They are most consisting of manganese steel.
2. Heavy rail: the 38kg, 43kg and 50kg standard are most widely used. Besides, as to some lines with high speed and large freight volume, the 60kg steel rail is the best choice.
3. Light rail: light rail can also be classified into two types, GB (China national standards) of 9, 12, 15, 22, 30kg/m and YB (Metallurgy Department Standard) of 8, 18, 24kg/m and so on.
International standards of steel rails
In international market of steel rails, there are many typical types. For example, the BS series of British, include 90A, 80A, 75A, 75R, 60A and so on, the DIN series of Germany, the ASCE series of America, the JIS series of Japan and the UIC series of International Union of Railways.
UIC860-O standard steel rail/UIC54 steel rail/railway for UIC54
Size: UIC54, UIC60
Standard UIC860-o standard/EN-13674-1
Material: 900A/1100
Length: 12-25m
| UIC 860 Standard Rails | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SIZE | DIMENSION (mm) | WEIGHT (kg/m) | |||
| A | B | C | t | ||
| UIC | 54 | 70 | 159 | 16 | 54.43 |
| UIC | 60 | 74.3 | 172 | 16.5 | 60.21 |
Size: BS50'O', BS60A, BS60R, BS70A, BS75A, BS75R, BS80A,BS80R, BS90A, BS100A, BS113A
Standard: BS11-1985 standard
Material: 700/900A
Length: 8-25m
| BS11:1985 Standard Rails | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SIZE | DIMENSION (mm) | WEIGHT (kg/m) | |||
| A | B | C | t | ||
| 50O | 52.39 | 100.01 | 100.1 | 10.32 | 24.833 |
| 60A | 57.15 | 114.3 | 109.54 | 11.11 | 30.618 |
| 60R | 57.15 | 114.3 | 109.54 | 11.11 | 29.822 |
| 70A | 60.32 | 123.82 | 111.12 | 12.3 | 34.807 |
| 75A | 61.91 | 128.59 | 114.3 | 12.7 | 37.455 |
| 75R | 61.91 | 128.59 | 122.24 | 13.1 | 37.041 |
| 80A | 63.5 | 133.35 | 117.47 | 13.1 | 39.761 |
| 80R | 63.5 | 133.35 | 127 | 13.49 | 39.674 |
| 90A | 66.67 | 142.88 | 127 | 13.89 | 45.099 |
| 100A | 69.85 | 152.4 | 133.35 | 15.08 | 50.182 |
| 113A | 69.85 | 158.75 | 139.7 | 20 | 56.398 |
Size: ASCE25, ASCE30, ASCE40, ASCE60, ASCE75, ASCE85, ASCE90, ASCE115, ASCE136, ASCE175
Standard: ASTM standard, AREMA standard
Material: 700/900A/1100
Length: 6-12m, 12-25m
| SIZE | DIMENSION (mm) | WEIGHT (kg/m) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | t | ||
| ASCE 25 | 38.1 | 69.85 | 69.85 | 7.54 | 12.4 |
| ASCE 30 | 42.86 | 79.38 | 79.38 | 8.33 | 14.88 |
| ASCE 40 | 47.62 | 88.9 | 88.9 | 9.92 | 19.84 |
| ASCE 60 | 60.32 | 107.95 | 107.95 | 12.3 | 29.76 |
| ASCE 75 | 62.71 | 122.24 | 122.24 | 13.49 | 37.2 |
| ASCE 85 | 65.09 | 131.76 | 131.76 | 14.29 | 42.17 |
| ASCE 90 | 65.09 | 142.88 | 130.18 | 14.29 | 44.65 |
| ASCE 115 | 69.06 | 168.28 | 139.7 | 15.88 | 56.9 |
| ASCE 136 | 74.61 | 185.74 | 152.4 | 17.46 | 67.41 |
| ASCE 175 | 109.86 | 152.4 | 152.4 | 38.1 | 86.8 |
Size: 15kg, 22kg, 30A, 37A, and 50N, CR73, CR100
Standard: JIS E1103-93/JIS E1101-93
Material: According to JIS e standard
Length: 9-10m
| JIS E 1103/1101 STANDARD | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SIZE | DIMENSION (mm) | WEIGHT (kg/m) | |||
| A | B | C | t | ||
| JIS 15KG | 42.86 | 79.37 | 79.37 | 8.33 | 15.2 |
| JIS 22KG | 50.8 | 93.66 | 93.66 | 10.72 | 22.3 |
| JIS 30A | 60.33 | 107.95 | 107.95 | 12.3 | 30.1 |
| JIS 37A | 62.71 | 122.24 | 122.24 | 13.49 | 37.2 |
| JIS 50N | 65 | 153 | 127 | 15 | 50.4 |
| CR 73 | 100 | 135 | 140 | 32 | 73.3 |
| CR 100 | 120 | 150 | 155 | 39 | 100.2 |
Size: 31kg, 41kg, 47kg, 50kg, 53kg, 60kg, 66kg, 68kg, 73kg, 86kg, 89kg
Standard: As 1085 standard
Material: 900A/1100
Length: 8-25m
| AS 1085 Rails | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Size | Dimension(mm) | Weight(kg/m) | Material | Length(m) | |||
| Head(mm) | Height(mm) | Bottom(mm) | Web(mm); | ||||
| 31KG | 63.5 | 117.5 | 108 | 11.5 | 31.5 | 900A/1100 | 8-25 |
| 47KG | 70 | 141.3 | 127 | 14.3 | 46.5 | 900A/1100 | 8-25 |
| 50KG | 70 | 154 | 127 | 15 | 50.8 | 900A/1100 | 8-25 |
| 60KG | 70 | 170 | 146 | 16.5 | 61 | 900A/1100 | 8-25 |
| 68KG | 73.4 | 186 | 152 | 17.5 | 67.6 | 900A/1100 | 8-25 |
| 73KG | 70 | 157 | 146 | 32 | 73.63 | 900A/1100 | 8-25 |
| 86KG | 102 | 102 | 165 | 84.11 | 85.5 | 900A/1100 | 8-25 |
| 89KG | 102 | 114 | 178 | 51 | 89.81 | 900A/1100 | 8-25 |
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